广州英文合同范本
广州英文合同范本 第一篇
Right,Mr I suggest we sign a 六-months' contract at a 五% discount on your quoted prices and then we'll meet again to see if we can reduce the prices further.
好，勃德门先生我建议按你们的定价以五%的折扣签定六个月合同，然后再看是乎能降价。
You're a tough 's shake on that and draw up the details of the first contract.
您真是一个强硬的谈判对手，让我们就此谈定，起草第一分合同的细节。
Linda,Have you prepared fully for tomorrow's meeting with
琳达，明天与史密斯先生的会议做好充分准备了吗?
Yes, has been 've also made sure that the meeting schedule is delivered to each presenter,personally.
威廉，没问题。已经通知大家了，而且我已经确定会议的议程表通知到了每个出席人手里。
don't expect any big problems to happen.
很好，我们不希望有任何大差错。
I see,I will never let go a mistake which may hurt our benefit.
我懂你意思。我不会让任何一个损害我们利益的错误发生。
You're so pays attention to trivialities,so we need to lay an emphasis on detail.
你说得一点都没错。史密斯先生很注重细节，所以我们连小地方也要特别注意。
By the way,are all the audio-visual equipments ready?
对了，所有的视听器材都准备好了吗?
was something wrong with the screen but it have been repaired.
准备好了。屏幕本来有些毛病，不过现在已经修好了。
You'd better check once and again,just to make sure.
你最好再仔细检查，确定一切都没问题。
I'll follow your instruction at 'll spend the rest of the day going through the preparatory work.
我马上照办。我想今天把准备工作再检查一遍。
What about your regular duties?
你的日常工作呢?
I found an assistant to take over my regular duties.
我找到一个助手代理我的工作。
Well then,now I'd like to design the agenda once and for all.
唔，我想现在干脆就把会议议程定下来。
. First,general introductions is made by everyone,then introductions of each presenter to .
好。一开始是每个人做一个自我简短的关于，然后每位出席人员向史密斯先生做个关于。
do not forget think it would look more suitable for you to be well dressed.
很好。喔，对了，我想你好好打扮一下会更合适点。
I'll remind myself of those,David Smith will open with a few minutes' explanation.
我会记得的。之后，戴维?史密斯会先做几分钟的说明。
Assure him not to speak too long,unless has a lot of questions.
告诉他除非史密斯先生有很多问题，否则千万不要发言太久。
I know the audience is not patient,so you must ask them to shorten the speech.
我知道观众会不耐烦，所以你得叫他们把讲话缩短。
After the explanation,everything will take place as planned and is not open to the meeting,we will be ready to dine with the guests.
解释之后,一切将会照计划进行，不会改变，会后会有一顿便餐，你将和客人共进餐。
You can ask David in a private way.
你可以私下问戴维问题。
I'll tell in advance,I will make haste to arrange.
我会提前告诉孙先生，我会赶紧安排。
William,I'm terribly sorry about this,but we have to put off or cancel tomorrow's meeting.
威廉，我实在很抱歉，我们必须推迟或取消明天的会议。
广州英文合同范本 第二篇
[摘要] 本文利用大量的合同用词例子重点论述了三个方面：注意合同中的词语翻译和理解;慎重翻译和理解合同中的关键细目;要特别注意合同中的介词和介词短语的翻译和理解。这不仅对正确理解和翻译这些词语及其套语大有好处，而且也有利于正确理解与翻译商务英语合同条款。
[关键词] 介词合同翻译
一、注意合同中的词语翻译和理解
一.谨慎选用极易混淆的词语
英译商务合同时，常常由于选词不当而倒致词不达意或者意思模棱两可，有时甚至表达的是完全不同的含义。因此了解与掌握极易混淆的词语的区别是极为重要的，是提高英译质量的关键因素之一。例如
change A to B 与 change A into B
英译“把 A 改为 B”用“change A to B”，英译“把 A 折合成/兑换成 B”用“change A into B”，两者不可混淆。
例一：双方同意把交货期改为 八 月并将美元折合成人民币。 Both parties agree to change the time of shipment to August and change US dollar into Renminbi.
二.对商务英语合同中的词语切勿望文生义
对商务英语合同词语和句子的理解切不可望文生义，这样才能避免误解和误译。因为在商务英语中许多词语己经有了不同于一般英语的专业意义。
例二: The documents will he presented to you against your acceptance of the draft in the usual way.
凭你方按通常的方式承兑汇票，单据才能被转交给对方。
句中的“against”不能理解为“反对、逆”之义，是“凭借、根据”的意思;“ acceptance”不能理解为“接受”之义，而是“承兑”的意思。
二、慎重翻译和理解合同的关键细目
实践证明，英译合同中容易出现差错的地方，一般来说，不是大的陈述性条款。而恰恰是一些关键的细目.比如：金钱、时间、数量等。为了避免出差错，在英译合同时，常常使用一些有限定作用的结构来界定细目所指定的确切范围。
一.限定责任 众所周知，合同中要明确规定双方的责任。为英译出双方责任的权限与范围，常常使用连词和介词的固定结构。现把最常用的此类结构举例说明如下。
and/or 常用 and/or
英译合同中“甲和乙+甲或乙”的内容，这样就可避免漏译其中的一部分。
例三：如果上述货物对船舶和(或)船上其它货物造成任何损害，托运人应负全责。 The shipper shall be liable for all damage caused by such goods to the ship and/or cargo on board.
二.限定金额
为避免金额数量的差漏、伪造或涂改，英译时常用以下措施严格把关。大写文字重复金额 英译金额须在小写之后，在括号内用大写文字重复该金额，即使原文合同中没有大写，英译时也有必要加上大写。在大写文字前加上“SAY”，意为“大写”;在最后加上“ONLY”.意思为“整”。
必须注意：小写与大写的金额数量要一致。
例四：聘方须每月付给受聘方美元 五零零 元整。 Party A shall pay Party B a monthly salary of US $ 五零零 (SAY FIVE HUNDRED US DOLLARS ONLY).
三、要特别注意合同中的介词和介词短语的翻译和理解
商务英语合同的一个明显的语言特点就是频繁使用介词和介词短语，其主要目的.是为了行文的严谨和日后避免产生歧义，合同起草人便使用大量的介词或介词短语(介词+词)或(名词+介词短语)的语法结构来确保合同条款涉及和包括的范围更广。
例五 ：Any controversy under this contract or arising between the parties or out of or for breach of or in relation to this contract sha一一 be determined by arbitration to be held in the City of New York pursuant to the arbitration law of the State of New York and under the rules of the American Arbitration Association, the award made upon such arbitration sha一一 be final and binding upon both parties.
这是一条国际贸易中常见的仲裁条款。在句中any controversy之后连续使用了五个介词短语，这五个介词短语都是同时用来修饰和限定controversy的，它们分别是:
一) under this contract本合同下的
二) between the parties合同双方之间产生的
三) out of (the contract)由本合同引起的
四) for breach of (the contract)违反本合同的
五) in relation to this contract与本合同有关的
从以上例子我们可以看出，合同句子要做到全面、严谨和准确就不可避免地要大量使用介词和介词短语加以修饰和限定。如果离开大量介词和介词短语，也就无法保证全面、严谨和准确无误。所以我们在翻译和理解商务合同时要特别注意介词的翻译和理解。
参考文献：
[一]江前良:涉外经济合同范本[M].北京.法律出版社.一九九六
[二]李全申:谈谈商务合同的翻译[J].中国翻译.一九九八(二)
[三]陈欧:外贸英语的语义辩[J].中国科技翻译.二零零二(四)
[四]John Potter. Common Business English Errors[M].上海.上海外语教育出版社，一九九九
广州英文合同范本 第三篇
BEC口语考试part one考试内容及注意事项
本项考试的时间：三分钟左右。
本项考试的形式：由考官逐个向考生提出问题，考生进行回答。
本项考试内容：涉及个人信息的诸多方面，考官的提问更是千变万化，但一定设计个人信息的某个方面。通常，为了核对考生资格，考官会问以下问题：What’s your name?/can you spell your family name?/can you spell your surname?/ what’s your number? 回答范例：My name is Ray. That’s R-A-Y, Ray.
本项考试的目的是：考官借助于对考生个人信息的提问，核对考生考试资格，并通过与考生之间的交流，考察考生的发音，语法和用词。
本项考试从难度上来说是口语三项考试之末，但由于其为考试第一项，所以考生在本项中留给考官们的印象至关重要。考生们必须认真对待。
考生在本项考试中必须做到：
一.克服考试开始时的紧张情绪。方法：注意外表。提前进入考场，适应考场环境。了解考试模式，进行模拟训练。
二.听清考官所问之问题。若没有听懂，可以要求考官重复其问题。方法：使用I am sorry but could you repeat your question?/I beg your pardon, Madam(Sir)?等句型。
三.全面地回答考官提出的问题，不能跑题。
实用技巧：A. 对于考官提出的特殊疑问句，首先使用单词、词组或句子给予明确的答复。然后阐述理由。B. 对于考官提出的一般疑问句，首先答复yes或者no，然后阐述理由。C. 对于考官提出的选择疑问句，方法同A。
四.不要与另一位考生交流，不要干扰另一位考生的答题。
五.有时由于时间问题，考官有可能非常简单地进行本项甚至打断考生的答题，这考生的临场表现没有任何关系。出现上述情况，切忌紧张。
General Procedure
Examiners’ greeting and self-introduction
Candidate’s names and hometowns
Marksheets required
Questions for reference
Can you tell me about yourself?
Can you tell me about your hometown?
Can you tell me about your friends?
Could you tell me about the facilities in your hometown?
Could you tell me about your reasons for learning English?
Could you tell me about your interests outside college or work?
Could you tell me about your ambitions for the future?
Could you tell me why you chose this type of work?/these studies?
Could you tell me how much you use English at work?/in your studies?
Could you tell me what you like best about your work?/studies?
Could you tell me what you like least about your work/studies?
Could you tell me how important you think English is in business life in China?
Could you tell me how important you think imports and exports are to China?
Could you tell me what effect you think technology is having on business life in China?
Could you tell me what effect you think advertising has on people in China?
Could you tell me how working life is changing in China?
Could you tell me how important you think the tourist industry is to China?
Can you tell me about your reasons for choosing your profession or studies?
Can you tell me what you hope to achieve professionally in the next five years?
Can you tell me how important a foreign language is to you in your work or studies?
Can you tell me how you relax from your work or studies?
Can you tell me what you would like to change about your work or studies?
Can you tell me whether you would like to work or study in a foreign country?
Can you tell me which foreign language you think will be most important in the future for business in China?
Can you tell me what you think is the biggest change in working life in China?
Can you tell me how important you think it is for people who work in business in China to be familiar with information technology?
Can you tell me which professions are most useful for China?
Can you tell me how people’s attitudes to work are changing in China?
Can you tell me which you think are the most important new commercial activities in China?
商务英语考试和雅思及其他英语语言类考试有相通之处，这从学科式英语的角度来说都是相通的，但是从商务的角度来讲，商务不需要过多的冗余，而是需要clear的表达或者交换或者商讨某个话题、意见、观点等。所以，在第一部分的考试中，需要我们清晰的表达自己的观点，就事论事，把观点补充完整即可，切忌大谈特谈，缺乏目标指向性。
BEC英语情景对话：开会
Executing Meetings
Dialogue One
M: I call this meeting to order, thank you all and attendants today, I know it's a busy day for you all, we have a lot of material to cover today, did everyone get agenda?
F: I need a copy of the agenda, also, may I suggest something? I know we have many points to review today, but would it be possible to limit our meeting time to finish before four o'clock? Many of us still have a amount of works to do before the day end.
M: We should be able to finish everything up before then, let's run through the major points first and see where we're at , the first matter of business is to approve the minutes of our last meeting.
F: I propse we accept the minutes.
M: Good, do I have second? High second, motion carry, now next of our agenda is ourbudget review. Margaret, can you please fill us in on where the budget review stand?
F: I give everyone a copy of the manual last week, we've had a review board going over everything and they have come up with a final review, here is copy for everyone and if you have any questions, you can talk to me after the meeting, basically, the budget review has been completed with maybe a few polishing details left.
M: What kind of action is required?
F: If everyone could take a look at the final review handout, if there're any objections or corrections, let me know, next week, we can cash the final of approval.
Dialogue Two
M一: Now, where were we? Oh, yes, can you give us an idea about statistical analysis.
F: Our analysis shows that we are very competitive, if your refer to the last page of the handout, you will see a plus of our expenses, vast of our profits for the last quarter, do you think it's neccesary to go over the expenses more in detail.
M一: Unless anyone has specific questions, let's move on to the next point, motion to accept statistical analysis report.
F: I move to accept.
M一: Second? High second, all in favour, motion pass, now, let's get done to the needy greedy, we have all seen the performance of review reports, but I would like to discuss in detail, our human resource's agenda to get to the bottom of issue, our problem with human resources is lack of qualified applicants as well as not enough incentive to current employees, I recommend management training for our executive staff.
M二: I'm sorry, I don't think I understand, can you please library?
M: I explain again, our human resources progamme is failing for most numbers of resons, but I think the most important issue here is lak of emlploy incentives.
BEC英语情景对话：普通员工
Laborial Staff
Dialogue one
F: Can you tell me a little more about your company organization?
M: Certainly, here is a copy of our company's profile for your review, we are devided up into a three - tier system, the first tier is our executive branch whcih includes the CEO and board of directors, below that, is our managerial tier which includes all the department heads and supervisors, lastly, are laborial tier.
F: What percentage of your employees found under the laborial tier?
M: Nearly seventy-five percent of all employees are considered laborial staff, now, the laborial staff category is very broad, it includes manent crews, secretarial staff, account managers, sales representatives, any entry level positions, cafeteria workers, the janitorial staff, as you can see, a very large and very categorization.
F: I see, now then, how many laborial staff members do you have working under you?
M: Me, personally? Well, I am the lead financial officer, so, in our financial department, we have three accountants and one financial secretary.
Dilogue Two
M: Will tommorow be the labour day, I think it would be a nice gesture to let all the memebers of laborial staff to leave work an hour early. What do you say?
F: What! That sounds perfectly ridiculous! Labour Day is a holiday for everyone,not just laborial staff, and we get a whole day off tomorrow anyway, so, what's the point of an extra hour tonight?
M: Well, we all get Labour Day off as holiday, the real purpose of the holiday is to remember all the people who do manual or other hard labour, it 's the celebrate those of workers doing what other people might not be willing to do, I think we ought to do something and honour our common worker.
F: So, if we did allow the laborial force to go home early, how many people are we talking about?
M: In our company, the loborial force makes up sixty percent of our workers, we'll just be letting slightly over half the folks out a little early.
BEC英语情景对话：管理人员
Managerial Staff
Dialogue One
M: Please send this memo out to all the managerial staff, there will be a training for all of the department heads next week, attendents for managerial staff is mandatory except for the financial department, financial officers may participate if their schedule are allowed.
F: You would like me to send this to all the managerial staff? I'm sorry sir, could you please clarify who all is included in managerial staff?
M: Managerial staff is anyone who is in position of authority or responsibility, or who has anyone working under them, it includes all supervisors and deparment heads
F: What about the senior account managers? Do they count?
M: No, they are in the position of leadership and have more experienced nomal account managers, but they do not directly supervise others, they are not members of managerial staff and will not be included in our training.
Dialogue Two
M: Management is going through a big tunnel of the used days, with bills of retire men, and department realying men , we have lost one third of our managerial staff, they've been dropping like flies.
F: Isn't that a good thing? Having few of bosses means having less stress, don't think?
M: Actually, I don't think so, supervisers are really important to make sure everything goes smoothly in the work place. They are necessary for diving up work and disciplining our employees, if there is no one to keep an eye on us, no one would get any work done, you know what they say, when the cat's away, the mice will play.
F: We do need leadership, but what we don't need is too many people to lead us, you know what they say about too many chiefs and not enough indians.
M: All right, I get your point.
BEC口语考试part one考试内容及注意事项
广州英文合同范本 第四篇
are satisfied with the terms of this contract for the most part, but we feel that your terms of payment are too severe.
我们对该合同大部分条款感到满意，但是你们的付款条款太刻苛
would like to have another discussion of these conditions in the afternoon before there are finally included in the contract.
在合同最终签订之前，我们想在下午就这些条款进行其它的讨论
三. Before signing the contract this afternoon, I think we better go over few final details.
在今天下午签订合同之前，免费学英语网站，我想们最好重温一下最后的细节
’d better draw up a rough draft to the contract then talk it over in detail at our next meeting.
我们最好先就合同拟定一个草案，在下次会议中我们再确定细节
is a copy of our specimen contract in which the general sales terms and conditions are contained.
这是我们一份包括一般销售条款和条件的合同样本
hope that you won’t object to our ing such a clause in the agreement.
我们希望你们不介意在协议中加入这一条款
any other clause in this contract is in conflict with the supplementary conditions the supplementary conditions should be taken as final and binding.
若合同中任一条款与附加条款冲突，免费学英语网站，则附属条款为最终裁决并对双方有约束力
think it is necessary to include a force majeure clause in this contract.
我们认为合同中加入不可抗力条款很有必要
九. After studying your draft contract we found it necessary to make a few changes.
研究过贵司起草的合同，我们发现有必要做一些修改
both of us are in agreement on all the terms shall we sign the contract now?
既然我们双方均同意所有条款，那我们现在就签合同？
think your draw contract needs some modification.
我们认为贵司起草的合同需做一些修改。
modification alteration to the contract shall be made with the consent of both parties.
合同的任何更改变更均应得到双方许可才行
changes can be made on this contract without mutual consent.
不经双方同意，合同不能做任何更改
must make it clear in the contract that you are obliged to complete the delivery of the good within the contractual time of
shipment.
我们必须确认你方必须在合同装运期内完成货物装运
the shipment can not be made within three month as stipulated, the contract will become void.
如果不能在规定的三个月内出话，则合同视为无效
相关内容：
商务英语：代理条件和要求Part Two 商务英语：代理条件和要求Part one 英文商务信函－感谢信
，免费学习英语的网站
英语中标点和符号的读法
, comma=逗号
. period=full stop=句号
' ' “ ” quotation marks=inverted commas=speech marks=引号（一左一右二个所以marks用复数）
? question mark=问号
! exclamation mark=exclamation point=感叹号
( ) parentheses=round brackets=圆括号（复数）
[ ] square brackets=方括号（复数）
: colon=冒号
; semicolon=分号
- dash=破折号（连接句子，如Go home - they're waiting for you.）
- hyphen=连字符（连接单词，如left-handed）
... ellipsis[??l?ps?s]=省略号
' apostrophe[??p?str?fi]=撇号（用在名词所有格如Ellen's、缩写如I'm）
中文特有标点
《 》 title marks=书名号（复数）
・ middle dot=间隔号（外国人名中间的点，如希拉里・_）
、enumeration comma=顿号
用英语怎么读年份? 年份用英语怎么读
千年，读作“X thousand”:
一零零零=one thousand
=two thousand
百年，读作“X hundred”：
一九零零=nineteen hundred
六零零=six hundred
百位是零，读作“X thousand and Y”，可省略and:
=two thousand and eight
或two thousand eight
一零五四=one thousand fifty-four
=two thousand fourteen
百位不是零，读作“X hundred and Y”，可省略hundred and：
=nineteen hundred and ninety-seven
或nineteen ninety-seven
一八一一=eighteen eleven
十位是零，零读作oh：
一九零八=nineteen hundred and eight
或nineteen oh eight
英语学习：练好英语口语的六种技巧
专家揭秘练好英语口语的六种技巧
有没有机会在美国生存、发展下去，免费学英语网站，关键是要看有没有机会去表达自己，和别人交流。如果你学的是哑巴 英语 ，到了美国你将十分困难。而目前我们的 大学英语 教育是有缺陷的。学一种语言，交流是目的，而不是语言本身。我们往往把 英语 仅仅当做一门知识在学，从小学到大，到最后，还是不会说英语。如何练好英语口语
语言的交流与掌握大量的词汇 、句型、语法是两回事。就语言本身的知识来说，我们已经过关了。我们缺少的就是在交流中来运用英语，只有在交流中我们才能与对方进行思维密码的相互破译。同样的话在不同的语言交流环境中所表达的意思是不一样的。
我建议要把我们学习的目标收缩，把追求大而广的英语知识转化为追求一种定量性的技巧，我认为有六种技巧，是美国人和美国人之间交流的关键性东西，如果我们能掌握这六种技巧，就可以更好地理解美国人的思维，从而学好口语。
第一，如何用英文简单界定一个东西的技巧。
美国人和美国人交谈八零%是想告诉对方这个事物是什么。我们的课本尽管 词汇 难度不断加深，但思维逻辑结构却只停留在一个水平上。中国人常说Where is the book(这本书在哪儿)?很少有人说What is a book(书是什么)?而美国的小学生就开始问：What is the book?这种Where is the book只是思维的描述阶段。但是我想连大学生也很难回答What is a book?因为中国传统英语教学模式没有教会学生表达思想的技巧。
第二，如果已经学会界定，但理解还有偏差，那就要训练How to explain things in different ways(用不同的方式解释同一事物)。
一种表达式对方不懂，美国人会寻找另一种表达式最终让对方明白。因为事物就一个，但表达它的语言符号可能会很多。这就要多做替换练习。传统的教学方法也做替换练习，但这种替换不是真替换，只是语言层面的替换，而不是思维层面的替换。比如，I love you(我爱你)。按我们教学的替换方法就把you换成her，my mother等，这种替换和小学生练描红没有什么区别。这种替换没有对智力构成挑战，没有启动思维。这种替换句子的基本结构没变，我听不懂I love you，肯定也听不懂I love her。如果替换为I want to kiss you，I want to hug you，I will show my heart to you等，或者给对方讲电影《泰坦尼克》，告诉对方那就是爱，这样一来对方可能就明白了。这才叫真正的替换。也就是说用一种不同的方式表达同一个意思，或者一个表达式对方听不清楚，举一个简单易懂的例子来表达，直到对方明白。
第三，我们必须学会美国人怎样描述东西。
从描述上来讲，由于中美的文化不同会产生很大的差异。我们描述东西无外乎把它放在时间和空间两个坐标上去描述。美国人对空间的描述总是由内及外，由里及表。而中国人正好相反。从时间上来说，中国人是按自然的时间顺序来描述。我们描述一个东西突然停住时，往往最后说的那个地方是最重要的。美国人在时间的描述上先把最重要的东西说出来，然后再说陪衬的东西。只有发生悲剧性的事件，美国人才在前面加上铺垫。这就是中国人和美国人在时间描述上的巨大差别。
第四，要学会使用重要的美国习语。
不容易学、易造成理解困惑的东西就是“习语”。比如北京人说盖了帽儿了，外国人很难理解，这就是习语。所以和美国人交流时，能适当地运用美国习语，他马上就会觉得很亲切，也很爱和你交流。那么什么是习语?就是每个单词你都认识，但把它们组合在一起，你就不知道是什么意思了。
第五，学会两种语言的传译能力。
这是衡量口语水平的一个最重要标准。因为英语不是我们的母语，我们天生就有自己的母语。很多人都认为学好外语必须丢掉自己的母语，这是不对的。
第六，要有猜测能力。
为什么美国人和美国人、中国人和中国人之间交流很少产生歧义?就是因为他们之间能“猜测”。我们的教学不提倡“猜测”。但我觉得猜测对学好美国口语很重要。在交流中，有一个词你没有听懂，你不可能马上去查字典，这时候就需要猜测来架起一座桥梁来弥补这个缺口，否则交流就会中断。
中国人学习口语讲究背诵，背句型、背语调， 考试 大结果就是很多人讲口语的时候讲着讲着眼就开始向上翻，实际上是在记忆中寻找曾经背过的东西。如果他要是能猜测的话，我想也就不会出现这种现象。
以上就是我所说的学会用美国人思维方式的六个技巧。中国学生如果能做到这六点，用较短的时间肯定能学好口语。
再说说英语语音的问题。我们中国人不需要钻牛角尖，免费学习英语的网站，一定追求发音像一个本地人，只要我们的发音不至于让对方产生误解就可以了。我们在平时，免费英语学习网站，不需要迷信什么科学方法，只需要记住一点：模仿。但一定要模仿标准的英语或美语。在模仿的基础上，每天保持一个小时的自我口语练习，这个练习必须假想一个双向交流的场合，即仿佛有人与你交流一样。
最后，讲讲英语的用气问题。我们在发音时，尽量气运丹田，而避免用肺发音，这可以使英语发音洪亮圆润。
英语口语：生活中常用英语口语二六句
英语口语：生活中常用英语口语二六句
一. After you.你先请。这是一句很常用的客套话，在进／出门,上车得场合你都可以表现一下。
二. I just couldn't help it.我就是忍不住。想想看，免费学习英语的网站，免费学英语网站，这样一个漂亮的句子可用于多少个场合？下面是随意举的一个例子：
I was deeply moved by the film and I cried and cried. I just couldn't help it.
三. Don't take it to heart.别往心里去，别为此而忧虑伤神。生活实例：
This test isn't that important. Don't take it to heart.
四. We'd better be off.我们该走了。It's getting late. We'd better be off .
五. Let's face it.面对现实吧。常表明说话人不愿意逃避困难的现状。
参考例句：I know it's a difficult situation. Let's face it, OK?
六. Let's get started.咱们开始干吧。劝导别人时说：Don't just talk. Let's get started.
七. I'm really dead.我真要累死了。坦诚自己的感受时说：After all that work, I’m really dead.
八. I've done my best.我已尽力了。
九. Is that so?真是那样吗？常用在一个人听了一件事后表示惊讶、怀疑。
一零. Don't play games with me!别跟我耍花招！
一一. I don't know for sure.我不确切知道。
Stranger：Could you tell me how to get to the town hall? Tom: I don't know for sure. Maybe you could ask the policeman over there.
一二. I'm not going to kid you.我不是跟你开玩笑的。
Karin：You quit the job? You are kidding. Jack: I'm not going to kid you. I'm serious.
一三. That's something.太好了，太棒了。
A: I'm granted a full scholarship for this semester. B: Congratulations. That's something.
一四. Brilliant idea!这主意真棒！这主意真高明！
一五. Do you really mean it?此话当真？
Michael：Whenever you are short of money, just come to me. David: Do you really mean it?
一六. You are a great help.你帮了大忙
一七. I couldn't be more sure.我再也肯定不过。
一八. I am behind you.我支持你。
A: Whatever decision you're going to make, I am behind you.
一九. I'm broke.我身无分文。
二零. Mind you!请注意！听着！(也可仅用Mind。) 模范例句：Mind you! He's a very nice fellow though bad-tempered.
二一. You can count on it.你尽管相信好了，尽管放心。
A：Do you think he will come to my birthday party? B: You can count on it.
二二. I never liked it anyway.我一直不太喜欢这东西。当朋友或同事不小心摔坏你的东西时就可以用上这句话给他一个台阶，打破尴尬局面：Oh, don't worry. I'm thinking of buying a new one. I never liked it anyway.
二三. That depends.看情况再说。
例：I may go to the airport to meet her. But that depends.
二四. Congratulations.恭喜你，，祝贺你。
二五. Thanks anyway.无论如何我还是得谢谢你。当别人尽力要帮助你却没帮成时，你就可以用这个短语表示谢意。
二六. It's a deal.一言为定
Harry：Haven't seen you for ages. Let's have a get-together next week. Jenny: It's a deal.
英语口语：网游玩家会用到的英语口语
A. Non Player Character (NPC), questing, upgrade, lag, multiplayer
Non Player Character (NPC) 非玩家角色，是指在游戏中扮演非玩家控制的角色；questing 就是玩家经常说的做任务；upgrade 指升级；lag 是指由于网速或硬件问题而造成的游戏速度放慢、画面延迟，也就是网友们长说的“卡”；multiplayer 指多人游戏。
一. You can't finish the quest unless you go talk to Cain. He's the NPC standing in the middle of town.
如果你不跟Cain说话你是无法完成任务的。他是在城镇中心的一个非玩家角色。
二. Does anybody want to go questing with me? I only need a few more experience points to level up.
有人愿意和我一起做任务吗？我再要一点经验值就可以升级了。
三. This game is running pretty slow. I think it's time you upgraded your computer.
这个游戏运行太慢了。我想你该升级你的电脑了。
四. God, why is this game lagging so much? I can't move any of my units.
天啊，这个游戏怎么这么卡？我什么东西都动不了。
五. Most games that come out these days allow multiplayer gaming.
如今的这些网络游戏都允许多人游戏。
B. graphics card, role playing game, respawn, newbie, ding
一. Graphics Card 就是我们说的显卡，学英语的好网站，声卡则是sound card；role playing game 是指角色扮演类游戏，玩家可以在游戏中选择自己喜欢的角色；respawn指扮演的角色被杀后重新复活，好的英语学习网站，newbie 游戏的新玩家，也就是常说的菜鸟级玩家；ding 就是升到某个级别的意思。
二. Whoa, your Counterstrike looks terrible. What graphics card are you using?
哇，你的CS怎么看着这么恐怖啊，你用的什么显卡？
三. I like role playing games the best because they usually have the best stories.
我喜欢角色扮演类的游戏，因为他们大都有最好的故事情节。
四. Damn it, I got killed. Wait until I respawn before you go attack the boss again.
该死，我又被杀了。等我复活的时候你再去打那个boss。
五. Why do I always get stuck with the newbie on my team?
我为什么总被队里的菜鸟骗呢？
六. It took forever, but I finally dinged level 六零!
我花了那么长时间，终于升到六零级了。
Sentences:
想和老外流利沟通网游吗？熟悉以下的句子吧，保证用的上哦。
一. World of Warcraft is a “massively multiplayer online role-playing game” that lets you play as ten different races, nine playable classes, and has thousands of quests to complete.
《魔兽世界》是一个“大型多人在线角色扮演类游戏”，其中你可以扮演十大种族、九大职业以及其中上千个待完成的任务。
二. It's hard to take full advantage of the game-play in World of Warcraft unless you join a reputable guild.
除非加入一支声誉比较好的队伍，否则你很难玩得转《魔兽世界》。
三. Many magical items in World of Warcraft are soulbound, meaning that they are permanently bound to specific players and cannot be transferred to other players.
《魔兽世界》中的许多物品装备都是有灵魂绑定的，也就是说它们永久地归属于某个特定玩家而不能转给其他人。
四. Games from Blizzard like Starcraft have become hugely popular around the world, particularly in Korea.
由“暴雪”公司制作的像《星际争霸》之类的游戏已经风靡全球，在韩国更是倍受欢迎。
五. I personally like the fast paced action of first person shooter games more than role playing games.
主视觉射击游戏和角色扮演类游戏相比，我个人更钟爱前者。
六. Computer games can become an addiction. I know at least 五 people who got kicked out of my school because they skipped class all the time and stayed home playing World of Warcraft.
网络游戏是会上瘾的。据我所知学校已经开除了五名学生，英语，他们天天旷课呆在家玩《魔兽世界》。
七. There are many people who have made a business out of selling valuable items in computer games on sites like Taobao.
有许多人在淘宝之类的网站上卖电脑游戏装备。
广州英文合同范本 第五篇
一六一 I still have some questions concerning our contract.就合同方面我还有些问题要问。
一六二 We are always willing to cooperate with you and if necessary make some concessions.我们总是愿意合作的，如果需要还可以做些让步。
一六三 If you have any comment about these clauses, do not hesitate to make.对这些条款有何意见，请尽管提，不必客气。
一六四 Do you think there is something wrong with the contract?你认为合同有问题吗?
一六五 We’d like you to consider our request once again.我们希望贵方再次考虑我们的要求。
一六六 We’d like to clear up some points connected with the technical part of the contract.我们希望搞清楚有关合同中技术方面的几个问题。
一六七 The negotiations on the rights and obligations of the parties under contract turned out to be very successful.就合同保方的权利和义务方面的谈判非常成功。
一六八 We can’t agree with the alterations and amendments to the contract.我们无法同意对合同工的变动和修改。
一六九 We hope that the next negotiation will be the last one before signing the contract.我们希望下一交谈判将是签订合同前的最后一轮谈判。
一七零 We don’t have any different opinions about the contractual obligations of both parties.就合同双方要承担的义务方面，我们没有什么意见。
一七一 That’s international practice. We can’t break it.这是国际惯例，我们不能违背。
一七二 We are prepared to reconsider amending the contract.我们可以重新考虑修改合同。
一七三 We’ll have to discuss about the total contract price.我们不得不讨论一下合同的总价格问题。
一七四 Do you think the method of payment is OK for you?你们认为结算方式合适吗?
一七五 We are really glad to see you so constructive in helping settle the problems as regards the signing of the contract.我们很高兴您在解决有关合同的问题上如此具有建设性。
一七六 Here are the two originals of the contract we prepared.这是我们准备好的两份合同正本。
一七七 Would you please read the draft contract and make your comments about the terms?请仔细阅读合同草案，并就合同各条款提出你的看法好吗?]一七八 When will the contract be ready?合同何时准备好?
一七九 Please sign a copy of our Sales Contract enclosedhere in duplicate and return to us for our file.请会签第一五六号销售合同一式两份中的一份，将它寄回我方存档。
一八零 The contract will be sent to you by air mail for your signature.合同会航邮给你们签字。
udy of the contract to avoid anything missing?你不觉得应该仔细检查一下合同，以免遗漏什么吗?
一八二 We have agreed on all terms in the contract. Shall we sign it next week?我们对合同各项条款全无异议，下周签合同如何?
一八三 We had expected much lower prices.我们希望报价再低一些。
一八四 They are still lower than the quotations you can get elsewhere.这些报价比其他任何地方都要低得多。
一八五 I can show you other quotations that are lower than yours.我可以把比贵公司报价低得多的价目表给你看看。
一八六 When you compare the prices,you must take everything into consideration.当你在考虑对比价格时，首先必须把一切都要考虑进去。
一八七 I can assure you the prices we offer you are very favorable.我敢保证我们向你提供的价位是合理的。
一八八 I don’t think you’ll have any difficulty in pushing sales.我认为你推销时不会有任何困难。
一八九 But the market prices are changing frequently.但是市场价格随时都在变化。
一九零 It’s up to you to decide.这主要取决于你。
一九一 The demand for our products has kept rising.要求定购我们产品的人越来越多。
一九二 How long will your offer hold good?一般你们报盘的有效期是多长?
一九三 We have new methods like compensation trade and joint ventrue.我们有补偿贸易和合资经营。
一九四 I think a joint venture would be beneficial to both of us .我认为合资经营对双方都是有利的。
一九五 Please give us your proposal if you’re ready for that.如果你们愿意做合资经营，请提出你的方案。
一九六 Please go over it and see if everything is in order.请过目一下，看看是否一切妥当。
一九七 Do you have any comment on this clause.你对这一条款有何看法?
一九八 Don’t you think we should add a sentence here like this?难道你不觉得我们应该在这儿加上一句话?
一九九 If one side fails to observe the contract,the other side is entitled to cancel it.如果一方不履行合同协议，另一方则有权终止合同。
二零零 The loss for this reason should be charged by the side breaking the contract.造成的损失必须由毁约方承担。
广州英文合同范本 第六篇
一 i still have some questions concerning our contract.
就合同方面我还有些问题要问。
二 we are always willing to cooperate with you and if necessary make some concessions.
我们总是愿意合作的，如果需要还可以做些让步。
三 if you have any comment about these clauses, do not hesitate to make.
对这些条款有何意见，请尽管提，不必客气。
四 do you think there is something wrong with the contract?
你认为合同有问题吗?
五 we'd like you to consider our request once again.
我们希望贵方再次考虑我们的要求。
六 we'd like to clear up some points connected with the technical part of the contract.
我们希望搞清楚有关合同中技术方面的几个问题。
七 the negotiations on the rights and obligations of the parties under contract turned out to be very successful.
就合同保方的权利和义务方面的谈判非常成功。
八 we can't agree with the alterations and amendments to the contract.
我们无法同意对合同工的变动和修改。
九 we hope that the next negotiation will be the last one before signing the contract.
我们希望下一交谈判将是签订合同前的最后一轮谈判。
一零 we don't have any different opinions about the contractual obligations of both parties.
就合同双方要承担的义务方面，我们没有什么意见。
广州英文合同范本 第七篇
第四部分、用语方面
一、力求严谨，明白无误：
一、the following documents shall be deemed to form and be read and construed as an integral part of this contract.
下列文件应被认为、读作、解释为本合同的组成部分;
二、this contract can only be altered, amended or supplemented in accordance with documents signed and sealed by authorized representatives of both parties.
本合同只能按照双方授权代表签名盖章的文件进行修改或增补;
三、all activities of abc co. shall be governed by the laws, decrees and pertinent rules and regulations of china.
abc公司的一切活动必须受中国的法律、法令和有关规章条例的管辖。
二、多用主动语态，少用被动语态：
一、party b is hereby appointed by party a as its exclusive sales agent in singapore. (不宜)
乙方被甲方委托为在新加坡的独家销售代理商;
二、party a hereby appoints party b as its exclusive sales agent in singapore. (适宜)
甲方委托乙方为在新加坡的独家销售代理商;
三、多用现在时，少用将来时，尽管很多条款规定的是合同签订以后的事项：
一、licensee may terminate this contract 九零 days after a written notice thereof is sent to licensor upon the happening of one
of the following events：
当有下列事件之一发生，被许可人提前九零天向许可人发送书面通知后，可以终止合同：
二、licensor becomes insolvent or a liquidator of licensor is appointed;
许可人无力偿付债务或其破产清算人以被指定;
三、the patent described in article 二 is not issued within 三零 days from signing this contract; and
第二条规定的专利未在签约后三零天之内发布;
四、licensor fails to perform its obligations under this contract.
许可人未能履行其合同义务。
四、直接表达方式用得多，间接表达方式用的较少：
一、this article does not apply to bondholders who have not been paid in full. (用得少)
本条款不适用于尚未全部偿付的债券持有者。
二、this article applies only to bondholders who have been paid in full. (用得多)
本条款只适用于已全部偿付的债券持有者。
五、尽量使用一个动词，避免使用“动词+名词+介词”的同意短语：
一、party a shall make an appointment of its representative within 三零 days after signing the contract.
甲方应于签约后三零天内指派其授权代表。宜用appoint代替 make an appointment of.
二、party a will give consideration to party b’s proposal of exclusive agency.
甲方愿意考虑乙方独家代理的建议。宜用consider代替give consideration to.
第五部分、下列特殊用语使用频繁
一、whereas 鉴于
正式而重要的合同，尤其是英美法系的合同，多用它在前文中引出签约背景和目的，起连词作用：
whereas the employer is desirous that manpower can be rendered available for the construction of high-rise residential complex in baghdad, iraq;
鉴于雇主欲请劳动力建造伊拉克巴格达的高层住宅综合大楼;
whereas the contractor is desirous to provide the manpower for the works;
鉴于承包人想为此工程提供劳动力;
二、witness 证明
在合同前文中常用作首句的谓语动词：
this agreement， made by ……
witnesses
whereas……, it is agreed as follows：
本协议由……签订证明：鉴于……特此达成协议如下：
in witness whereof 作为所协议事项的证据，该短语常用于合同的结尾条款：
in witness whereof, the parties have executed this contract in duplicate by their duly authorized representatives on the date first above written.
作为所协议事项的证据，双方授权代表于上面首次写明的日期正式签订本协议一式两份。
三、in consideration of 以……为约因/报酬
约因是英美法系的合同有效成立要件之一，没有则合同不能依法强制履行。但是，大陆法系的合同则无此规定。
now therefore, in consideration of the premises and the covenants herein， contained, the parties hereto agree as follows：
兹以上述各点和契约所载条款为约因，订约双方协议如下：
in consideration of the payment to be made by party a to party b, party b hereby covenants with party a to complete the building in conformity with the provisions of the contract.
乙方特此立约向甲方保证按合同规定完成工程建设，以取得甲方所付的报酬。
四、now，therefore 兹特
此短语用于whereas条款之后引出具体协议事项的常用开头语，并与其后hereby的结合。如果无hereas条款，则本短语可省略：
now, therefore, it’s hereby agreed and understood as follows;
兹特协议和谅解如下：
now these presents witness 兹特立约为据，本句话也是用于whereas条款之后引出具体协议事项。
五、presents = the present writings 是主语，witness是谓语：
now these presents witness that it is hereby agreed between the parties hereto as follows：兹特立约为据，并由订约双方协议如下：
六、in the presence of 见证人
本短语只在有见证人时使用―在订约双方当事人签名的下方由见证人签名作证，一般是相关的律师(attorney)或公证处(notary public)：
in the presence of the parties hereto have hereunder set their respective hands and seals：
作为协议事项的证据，订约双方各自签名盖章如下：
第六部分、其他短语
for and on behalf the first party(甲方代表)：
the employer (雇主)…
capacity (职位) …
in the presence of (见证人) …
capacity (职位)…
address (地址)…
for and on behalf of the second party(乙方代表)：
the contractor (承包人) …
capacity (职位)…
in the presence of (见证人) …
capacity (职位)…
address (地址)…
广州英文合同范本 第八篇
商务英语合同写作常用句型
一. There are some good reasons for...
(分析原因)two possible人民生活状况的改善原因有两点，首先，我们一直在贯彻执行改革开放政策。其次，国民经济正在迅速发展，而且出生率已经得到控制。
There are two reasons for the improvement in people's living the first place,we have been carrying out the reform and opening-up has been a rapid expansion of our national economy .Further-more,the birth rate has been put under control.
二. My suggestions to deal with the problem are as the first place,... Secondly,...Finally...
（提出建议）我对解决这个问题的建议如下。首先，迫在眉睫的是建立自然保护区。其次，有些濒临灭绝的珍稀野生动物应该收捕、人工喂养并繁殖。最后，对于捕猎珍稀野生动物的人必须严惩。
My suggestions to deal with the problem are as follows .To begin with,it is urgent to create nature reserves. Secondly,certain rare wild animals that are going to be extinct should be collected,fed and reproduced ,those who hunt them must be punished severely.
三. Different people have different opinions on this people believe that ... Others problem \\matter \\argue that... Still others assert that...
（论述不同看法）人们对失败持有不同的态度。面对失败，有人能够经得起考验，从失败中汲取教训，并努力去完成他们下定决心要做的事情。然而，另一些人却丧失信心并退却了。
People differ in their attitudes towards with it ,some of them can stand up to it .draw useful lessons from it and try hard to fulfill what they are determined to heart and give in.
四. It is important (nessary, urgent, difficult, easy, expensive, desirable, abvisable, convenient, comfortable)for sb. to do sth.
（发表意见）人们希望建立更多的'医院、购物中心、娱乐中心、电影院和其他公用设施来满足人民日益增长的需求，
It is desirable to build more hospitals,shopping centres,recreation centres,cinemas and other public facilities to meet the growing needs of people.
五. As a popular saying goes “Everything has two sides.”
(分析利弊)常言道：“事物总是一分为二的”。如今人们从科技发明中得到越来越多的好处。另一方面，科技进步也给我们带来了许多麻烦。现在许多国家的人民饱尝公害之苦。
As a popular saying goes, “Everything has two sides.” Now people (the public)are benefiting more and more from scientific and technological inventions. On the other hand,the progress of science and technology is bringing us a lot of trouble. People in many countries are suffering from public hazards.
六. For example, ...
（举例阐述）For instance, ...Let“s take ...for examlpe.就拿汽车为例。汽车不仅污染城市空气，而且使城市拥挤不堪。此外，汽车造成许多交通事故。汽车所产生的噪音使居住在街道两旁的居民日夜不得安宁。
Let”s take cars for not only pollute the air in cities,but make them cause a lot of traffic accidents. (..., they are responsible for a lot of traffic accidents.) The noise made by cars disturbs the residents living on both sides of streets all day and night.
七. It is generally believed that ...accepted
（引证观点）人们普遍认为，在发达国家人口增长的主要原因与其说是出生率的上升，还不如说是由于医疗保健的改善的使死亡率下降了。
It is generally believed (=thought) that the chief reason for the increase in population in developed coutries is not so much the rise in birth rates as the decline in death rates as a result of the improvement in medical care.
广州英文合同范本 第九篇
商务英语合同是商务应用文中较为特殊且重要的文本写作类型，那么在商务英语合同写作中有什么方面是要注意的呢?来看看下面这六个商务英语合同应该注意的方面吧。
第一部分、用词方面
多用正式或法律上的用词，与口头表述不同，合同是法律性的正式书面文件，使用正式的、法律的用词是必要的。合同起草者应多加强这方面的学习。比如：
一、at the request of party b, party a agrees to send technicians to assist party b to install the equipment.
应乙方要求，甲方同意派遣技术人员帮助乙方安装设备。assist 较 help 正式;
二、the personnel shall not to partake in any political activities in iraq.
所有人员不得参加伊拉克国内的任何政治活动。partake in 较 take part in 正式;
三、the employer shall render correct technical guidance to the personnel.
雇主应该对有关人员给予正确技术指导。render 较 give 正式;
四、party a shall repatriate the patient to china and bear the cost of his passage to guangzhou.
甲方应将病人遣返中国并负责其返回广州的旅费。repatriate 较 send back 正式;
五、this contract shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of china.
本合同受中国法律管辖，并按中国法律解释。construe 较 explain，interpret 正式;
六、the employer may object to and require the contractor to replace forthwith any of its authorized representatives who is incompetent.
雇主认为承包人委派的授权代表不合格时，可以反对并要求立即撤换。require较ask正式;公文体forthwith 较 at once 正式;
七、the chairperson may convene an interim meeting based on a proposal made by one-third of the total number of directors.
董事长可以根据董事会过一/三董事的提议而召集临时董事会议。convene，interim 都是正式用词。
八、in case one party desires to sell or assign all or part of its investment subscribed, the other party shall have the preemptive right.
如一方想出售或转让其投资之全部或部分，另一方有优先购买权。法律用词assign 较 transfer 正式。
九、in processing transactions, the manufacturers shall never have title either to the materials or the finished products.
加工贸易中，厂方无论是对原料还是成品都无所有权。 法律用词title 较 ownership 正式。
一零、the term “effective date” means the date on which this agreement is duly executed by the parties hereto.
“生效期”指双方合同签字的日子。 法律用词execute 较 sign 正式。
第二部分、用词方面
多使用“here”，“there”，“where”等前缀，下面这么多是不是有点头昏眼花?初学时确实容易搞混，告诉你个小窍门，here 代表 this，there 代表 that，where 代表 what/which，就容易记多了。
hereafter = after this time; 今后
hereby = by means/reason of this; 特此
herein = in this; 此中，于此
hereinafter = later in this contract; 在下文
thereafter = afterwards; 此后，后来
thereby = by that means; 因此;由此;在那方面
therein = from that; 在那里;在那点上
thereinafter = later in the same contract; 以下;在下文
whereby = by what; by which; 由是;凭那个
wherein = in what; in which; 在哪里;在哪点上
第三部分、用词方面
多用“shall”代替“will”或“should”加强语气和强制力。合同中，shall并非单纯表示将来时，而常用来表示法律上可强制执行的义务，具有约束力，宜译为“应”、“应该”、“必须”; will无论语气还是强制力要比shall弱，宜译为“将”、“原”、“要”;should通常只用来表示语气较强的假设、比如“万一”。
一、this contract shall become effective upon and from the date on which it is signed.
本合同签字生效。
二、this contract shall be written in english in four copies. each party shall keep two copies.
本合同应以英文写成，一式四份，双方各持两份。
广州英文合同范本 第一零篇
第一部分、用词方面
多用正式或法律上的用词，与口头表述不同，合同是法律性的正式书面文件，使用正式的、法律的用词是必要的，合同起草者应多加强这方面的学习。比如：
一、At the request of Party B, Party A agrees to send technicians to assist Party B to install the equipment.
二、The personnel shall not to partake in any political activities in Iraq.
所有人员不得参加伊拉克国内的任何政治活动。partake in 较take part in 正式；
三、The Employer shall render correct technical guidance to the personnel.
四、Party A shall repatriate the patient to China and bear the cost of his passage to Guangzhou.
甲方应将病人遣返中国并负责其返回广州的旅费。repatriate 较send back 正式；
五、This Contract shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of China.
本合同受中国法律管辖，并按中国法律解释。construe 较explain，interpret 正式；
六、The Employer may object to and require the Contractor to replace forthwith any of its authorized representatives who is incompetent.
雇主认为承包人委派的授权代表不合格时，可以反对并要求立即撤换。require较ask正式；公文体forthwith 较at once 正式；
七、The Chairperson may convene an interim meeting based on a proposal made by one-third of the total number of directors.
董事长可以根据董事会过一/三董事的提议而召集临时董事会议。convene，interim 都是正式用词。
八、In case one party desires to sell or assign all or part of its investment subscribed, the other party shall have the preemptive right.
如一方想出售或转让其投资之全部或部分，另一方有优先购买权，
法律用词assign 较transfer 正式。
九、In processing transactions, the manufacturers shall never have title either to the materials or the finished products.
加工贸易中，厂方无论是对原料还是成品都无所有权。法律用词title 较ownership 正式。
一零、The term “Effective date” means the date on which this Agreement is duly executed by the parties hereto.
“生效期”指双方合同签字的日子。法律用词execute 较sign 正式。
第二部分、用词方面
多使用“here”，“there”，“where”等前缀，下面这么多是不是有点头昏眼花？初学时确实容易搞混，告诉你个小窍门，here 代表this，there 代表that，where 代表what/which，就容易记多了。
hereafter = after this time；今后
hereby = by means/reason of this；特此
herein = in this；此中，于此
hereinafter = later in this contract；在下文
thereafter = afterwards；此后，后来
thereby = by that means；因此；由此；在那方面
therein = from that；在那里；在那点上
thereinafter = later in the same contract；以下；在下文
whereby = by what；by which；由是；凭那个
wherein = in what；in which；在哪里；在哪点上
第三部分、用词方面
多用“shall”代替“will”或“should”加强语气和强制力。合同中，shall并非单纯表示将来时，而常用来表示法律上可强制执行的义务，具有约束力，宜译为“应”、“应该”、“必须”；will无论语气还是强制力要比shall弱，宜译为“将”、“原”、“要”；should通常只用来表示语气较强的假设、比如“万一”。
一、This Contract shall become effective upon and from the date on which it is signed.